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Tabebuia es un género que comprende alrededor de un centenar de especies de árboles nativos de la región tropical de América, extendidas desde México y el Caribe —donde se encuentra la mayoría de las especies— hasta el norte de Argentina. En argentina se denominan con el nombre de Lapachos.
Muchas de las especies de Tabebuia se cultivan a efectos decorativos, ya que se caracterizan por florecer antes de que el follaje caduco vuelva a brotar. Son valiosos también para la carpintería, que aprecia la dureza, peso y resistencia al agua y las pestes de su madera; aunque no se adaptan a trabajos delicados por la dificultad de su trato, son óptimos para material de exteriores. Algunas especies son además sumamente resistentes al fuego.
Especies presentes en la República Argentina[]
- Tabebuia alba MIS
- Tabebuia aurea COS, FOR, SAL
- Tabebuia heptaphylla CHA, COS, ERI, FOR, MIS, SFE
- Tabebuia impetiginosa CAT, CHA, FOR, JUJ, SAL, TUC
- Tabebuia lapacho JUJ, SAL
- Tabebuia nodosa CAT, CHA, COR, COS, FOR, JUJ, LRI, SAL, SDE, SFE, TUC
- Tabebuia ochracea JUJ, SAL
- Tabebuia pulcherrima COS, MIS
Otras especies[]
Entre las especies de mayor valor se encuentran:
- Tabebuia chrysantha, conocida como araguaney o guayacán, el árbol nacional de Venezuela, de flor amarilla;
- Tabebuia chrysotricha, conocido como ipê, originario del Brasil, de flor amarilla y excepcional en que florece dos veces al año;
- Tabebuia donnell-smithii, llamado primavera, nativo de México y Cuba, donde se lo cultiva para ornamentación por sus vistosos ramilletes de flores doradas;
- Tabebuia impetiginosa, el lapacho rosado, nativo de Bolivia y el nordeste argentino, de flor rosada y excelente madera;
- Tabebuia rosea, el apamate o palo de rosa, empleado para ornamentación urbana por tener raíces profundas y tolerar bien el smog; de flor rosada o blanca;
- Tabebuia serratifolia, el lapacho amarillo, cultivado por su madera sumamente resistente.
La corteza de muchas de estas especies, conocidas genéricamente como pau d'arco o ipé en portugués, se emplea en infusión como fungicida y tratamiento renal. Las múltiples afirmaciones de que tiene efectos benéficos en el tratamiento del cáncer no han sido verificadas científicamente.
Enlaces externos[]
Inglés[]
Tabebuia is a Neotropical genus of about 100 species in the tribe Tecomeae of the family Bignoniaceae. The species range from northern Mexico and the Antilles south to northern Argentina. Most species are on the islands of Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti) and Cuba.
They are large shrubs and trees growing to 5-50 m tall depending on the species; many species are dry-season deciduous but some are evergreen. The leaves are opposite pairs, simple or palmately compound with 3-7 leaflets. The flowers are 3-11 cm wide, produced in dense clusters; color varies between species, either red, yellow, pink, or white. The fruit is a pod 10-50 cm long, containing numerous winged seeds; the pods often remain on the tree through winter.
Species in this genus are important as timber trees and as ornamentals because of their showy flowers. Many flower on leafless stems at the end of the dry season, making the floral display more conspicuous.
The bark of several species is used medicinally. The wood is used for furniture, decking, and other outdoor uses. It has a fire rating of A1 (the highest possible, the same as concrete) Plantilla:Fact, and is denser than water (it sinks). It is increasingly popular as a decking material due to its insect resistance and durability. However, the demand for ipê has risen dramatically in recent years, especially in the United States. The US is now the largest importer of ipê from Brazil and ipê has become Brazil's largest timber export. This demand is helping to fuel illegal logging, which has proven difficult to control for the government. Investigations have show that some illegal loggers in Brazil are employing slave labor. As well, illegal logging has led to violent conflicts between loggers and indigenous forest dwellers. Illegal logging is a key factor in the deforestation of the Amazon.
- Tabebuia alba (Cham.) Sandw. (syn.: Tecoma alba Cham, Handroanthus albus (Cham.) Mattos) - Brazil
- Tabebuia avellanedae Lor. ex Griseb. (Pink Ipê, Ipê-roxo, Paud'arco-roxo, Ipê-roxo-damata, Ipê-reto, Ipê-rosa, Ipê-comum, Ipê-cavatã, Lapacho, Peúva, and Piúva ; syn. Tecoma ipe Mart. ex K. Schm., Tecoma avellandedae (Lor. ex Griseb.) Spreg., Handroanthus avellanedae (Lor. ex Griseb.) Mattos, Tabebuia ipe (Mart.) Standl.) from South America, is native of Brazil; bark is used as a medicinal herb
- Tabebuia caraiba (Mart.) Bur. (syn.: Tecoma argentea Bur. et K. Sch., Tecoma caraiba Mart., Tecoma caraiba var. squamellulosa (DC.) Bur. et K. Sch., Tecoma squamellulosa DC., and Handroanthus caraiba (Mart.) Mattos)
- Tabebuia cassinoides
- Tabebuia chrysantha (Jacq.) Nichols. (Araguaney) from northern South America, is the national tree of Venezuela. The flowers are yellow.
- Tabebuia chrysotricha (Mart. ex DC.) Standl. (Golden Trumpet Tree; syn T. flavescens, T. pedicellata), from Brazil; golden-yellow to red flowers.
- Tabebuia donnell-smithii Rose (Prima vera or Gold tree), a native of Mexico and Central Americas, is considered one of the most colorful of all trees. The leaves are deciduous. Masses of golden-yellow flowers cover the crown after the leaves are shed.
- Tabebuia dura
- Tabebuia heptaphylla
- Tabebuia impetiginosa (Pau d'arco), bark used as a medicinal herb
- Tabebuia ochracea
- Tabebuia rosea (A. P. de Candolle) Britton (Pink Poui, Pink tecoma or Apama or Apamate; syn. T. pentaphylla (L.) Hemsley, widely but incorrectly applied to this species) is a popular street tree in tropical cities because of its multi-annular masses of light pink flowers and modest size. The roots are not especially aggressive towards roads and sidewalks. It is native of Brazil
- Tabebuia roseo-alba
- Tabebuia serratifolia (Yellow Poui, Ipê, Pau d'arco, Ipê roxo, or Lapacho) is a commercially farmed hardwood notable for its extreme hardness and resistance to fire and pests. Its inner bark is used as a treatment for fungal infections.
- Tabebuia umbellata
- Tabebuia vellosoi
References[]
- Lorenzi, H. (1992). Árvores brasileiras: manual de identificação e cultivo de plantas arbóreas nativas do Brasil. Plantarum (en Portugues).
- Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan.
- Germplasm Resources Information Network: Tabebuia
- Mecanismos de dispersión de algunas especies de leñosas nativas del Chaco Occidental y Serrano