La fuente de polen es un término que se usa a menudo en apicultura. La fuente de polen es un término que también puede referenciar a los polinizadores de las plantas con flores. Un pollinizador que ayuda en el cruce del polen de una planta a otra son las abejas melíferas. Las abejas coleccionan el polen como una fuente de la proteína para criar su cría.
La fuente de polen en un área dada depende del tipo de presente de vegetación y la longitud de su periodo de floración. Qué tipo de vegetación crecerá en una área depende de la textura de la tierra, pH de la tierra, desagüe de la tierra, temperaturas máximas y mínimas, la precipitación, la mínima temperatura invernal. Las plantas listadas debajo son plantas que crecen en Estados Unidos.
La abeja el polen colectivo[]
El color de polen debajo de indica el color cuando el polen llega a la colmena. Las abejas mezclan el polen seco con el néctar y/o miel apretar el polen en la cesto de polen. El polen seco, es una fuente de comida para abejas que contienen 16 - 30% proteína, 1 - 10% grasa, 1 - 7% almidón, muchas vitaminas, pero poca azúcar. La fuente de la proteína que se necesita para criar una abeja obrera del estado larval a la fase adulta requiere 120 a 145 mg de polen aproximadamente. Una colonia media de abejas colectará entre 20 a 57 kg aproximadamente (44 a 125 libras) de polen un año.
Source: THE R-VALUES OF HONEY: POLLEN COEFFICIENT accessed Feb 2005
Primavera[]
Árboles y arbustos[]
| Common name | Latin name | Blooming months | Pollen color | Source for honeybees |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maple | Acer spp. | Feb - Apr | light yellow | fair |
| Manitoba Maple (Box elder) | Acer negundo | Feb - Apr | light olive | good |
| Norway maple | Acer platanoides | Apr - May | olive | fair |
| Red Maple | Acer rubrum | Mar - Apr | grey brown | |
| Grey Alder | Alnus incana | Feb - Apr | brownish yellow | |
| American Chestnut | Castanea dentata | May - Jun | ||
| Sweet Chestnut | Castanea sativa | May | good | |
| Common Hackberry | Celtis occidentalis | Apr - May | ||
| Flowering Quince | Chaenomeles japonica, Chaenomeles lagenaria, Chaenomeles speciosa 'Nivalis', Chaenomeles x superba | Apr - May | good | |
| American Hazel | Corylus americana | Mar - Apr | light green | fair/good |
| Hawthorn | Crataegus spp. | Apr - May | yellow brown | fair |
| White Ash | Fraxinus americana | Apr - May | ||
| Honey Locust | Gleditsia triancanthos | May - Jun | ||
| American holly | Ilex opaca | Apr - Jun | ||
| Walnut | Juglans spp. | Apr - May | fair | |
| Tulip-tree | Lirodendron tulipifera | May - Jun | good | |
| Crab Apple | Malus spp. | Mar - Jun | light olive | |
| Apple | Malus domestica, Malus sylvestris | Apr - May | yellow white | very good |
| American Sycamore | Platanus occidentalis | Apr - May | light olive | |
| Peach, Plum and Cherry | Prunus spp. | Apr - May | ||
| Almond | Prunus amygdalus | light brown to brown pollen - not considered a good pollen source but bees are the primary pollinator | ||
| Wild Cherry | Prunus avium | Apr - May | light brown | very good |
| Cherry Plum | Prunus cerasifera | light brown to brown | fair | |
| Sour Cherry | Prunus cerasus | Apr - May | dark yellow | very good |
| Peach | Prunus persica | Apr - May | redish yellow | good |
| Black Cherry | Prunus serotina | Apr - May | minor | |
| Blackthorn | Prunus spinosa | good | ||
| Pear | Pyrus communis | Apr - May | red yellow | good |
| Oak | Quercus spp. | May | ||
| Oak | Quercus robur, Quercus pedunculata | May | light olive | minor |
| Black Locust | Robinia pseudoacacia | May - Jun | ||
| Blackberry | Rubus spp. | May - Jun | light grey | |
| Raspberry | Rubus idaeus | May - Jun | good | |
| Sauce | Salix spp. | Feb - Apr | lemon | good |
| Sauce blanco | Salix alba | good | ||
| Goat Willow | Salix caprea | Mar - Apr | very good | |
| Violet Willow | Salix daphnoides | Mar - Apr | very good | |
| Pussy Willow | Salix discolor | Mar - Apr | ||
| Basket Willow | Salix purpurea | Mar - Apr | very good | |
| Silky leaf osier, Smith's Willow | Salix x smithiana | Apr - May | very good | |
| American Rowan Mountain Ash | Sorbus americana | May-Jun | ||
| Elm | Ulmus spp. | light grey | ||
| American Elm | Ulmus americana | Feb - Apr | light grey | |
| Europea field elm | Ulmus americana | good |
Flores y plantas anuales[]
| Common name | Latin name | Blooming months | Pollen color | Source for honeybees |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chives | Allium schoenoprasum | May - Sep | ||
| Asparagus | Asparagus officinalis | May - Jun | ||
| Mustard | Brassica arvenisi | Apr - May | lemon | |
| Canola | Brassica napus | May - Jun | lemon | very good |
| Yellow Crocus | Crocus vernus (syn. Crocus aureus) | April | orange yellow | fair |
| Leopard's Bane | Doronicum cordatum | Apr - May | ||
| Winter aconite | Eranthis hyemalis | Mar - Apr | yellow | good |
| Snowdrop | Galanthus nivalis | Mar - Apr | red | |
| Henbit | Lamium amplexicaule | April | orange red | |
| White Sweet Clover | Melilotus alba | May - Aug | yellow to dark yellow | good |
| Yellow Sweet Clover | Melilotus officinalis | May - Aug | yellow to dark yellow | |
| Sainfoin | Onobrychis viciifolia | May - Jul | yellow brown | very good |
| Raspberry | Rubus idaeus | May - Jul | white grey | good |
| Siberian squill | Scilla sibirica | Mar - Apr | blue | good |
| White mustard | Sinapis alba | June | lemon | good |
| Chick weed | Stellaria media | Apr - Jul | yellowish | minor |
| Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale | Apr - May | red yellow | very good |
Verano[]
Trees and shrubs[]
| Common name | Latin name | Blooming months | Pollen color | Source for honeybees |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Horse chestnut | Aesculus hippocastanum | May - Jun after 80-110 growing degree days. | red | good |
| Southern Catalpa | Catalpa bignonioides | Jun - Jul | fair | |
| Northern Catalpa | Catalpa speciosa | Jun - Jul | ||
| Bluebeard | Caryopteris x clandonensis 'Heavenly Blue' | Aug - Sep | very good | |
| Virginia creeper | Parthenocissus quinquefolia | Jul - Aug | good | |
| Boston Ivy 'Veitchii' | Parthenocissus tricuspidata 'Veitchii' | Jun - Jul | good | |
| Sumac | Rhus glabra | Jun - Jul | ||
| Elder | Sambucus canadensis | Jun - Jul | ||
| Linden | Tilia spp. | Jun - Jul | ||
| Basswood or American Linden | Tilia americana | Jun - Jul | yellow to light orange | |
| Blueberry | Vaccínium myrtíllus | Jun | good |
Flowers and annual crop plants[]
| Common name | Latin name | Blooming months | Pollen color | Source for honeybees |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allium | Allium spp. | |||
| Onion | Allium cepa | light olive | ||
| Chives | Allium schoenoprasum | May - Sep | ||
| Garlic chives | Allium tuberosa | Aug - Sep | ||
| Leadwort syn. Indigobush | Amorpha fruticosa | Jun - Jul | ||
| Aster | Aster spp. | Sep-Frost | reddish yellow | |
| Land-in-blue | Aster x dumosus | Aug - Sep | ||
| Borage | Borago officinalis | Jun - Frost | ||
| Marigold | Calendula officinalis | Jun - Sep | ||
| Calluna vulgaris | Jul - Aug | good | ||
| Hemp | Cannabis sativa | Aug | yellow green | good source |
| Blue Thistle | Carduus spp. | |||
| Star thistle | Centaurea spp. | Jul - Sep | ||
| Knapweed | Centaurea macrocephala | Jul - Aug | good | |
| Knapweed | Centaurea nigra | very light olive | ||
| Cotoneaster | Cotoneaster spp. | good | ||
| Cucumber | Cucumis spp. | pale yellow | ||
| Melons | Cucumis melo | Jun-Frost | pale yellow | |
| Pumpkin | Cucurbita pepo | Jun-Frost | bright yellow | |
| Fireweed | Epilobium angustifolium | Jul - Aug | blue | |
| Joe-Pye weed | Eupatorium spp. | Aug - Sep | ||
| Buckwheat | Fagopyrum esculentum | Jul - Aug | light yellow to light green | good source |
| Blue vine | Gonolobus laevis syn. Cynanchum laeve | |||
| Sunflower | Helianthus annuus | Jun - Sep | golden | |
| Alyssum | Lobularia maritima | Jun - Sep | ||
| Mallow | Malva alcea | Jun - Sep | ||
| Alfalfa | Medicago sativa | July - Aug | greyish yellow | |
| Clover | Melilotus spp. and Trifolium spp. | May - Aug | ||
| White Sweet Clover | Melilotus alba | |||
| Yellow Sweet Clover | Melilotus officinalis | |||
| Basil | Ocimum basilicum | |||
| Poppy | Papaver somniverum | May - Jun | grey | very good source |
| Smartweed | Polygonum spp. | Aug - Sep | ||
| Chickweed | Stellaria media | Apr - Jul | minor source | |
| Germander | Teucrium chamaedrys | Jul - Aug | ||
| Alsike Clover | Trifolium hybridum | yellow brown | good source | |
| Crimson Clover | Trifolium incarnatum | dark brown | ||
| White Clover | Trifolium repens | Jun - Jul | yellow brown | good source |
| Cat-tail | Typha latifolia | Jun - Jul | ||
| Common vetch | Vicia cracca | Jul - Aug | ||
| Spring Vetch | Vicia sativa | Jul - Aug | ||
| Sweet Corn | Zea mays | Jun - Jul | yellowish white |
Fall[]
Trees and shrubs[]
Flowers and annual crop plants[]
| Common name | Latin name | Blooming months | Pollen color | Source for honeybees |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aster | Aster spp. | Sep-Frost | reddish yellow | |
| Borage | Borago officinalis | Jun - Frost | ||
| Melons | Cucumis melo | Jun-Frost | ||
| Sweet autumn clematis | Clematis ternifolia | late Sept | white | limited (garden plant) |
| Pumpkin | Cucurbita pepo | Jun-Frost | bright yellow | |
| Ivy | Hedera spp. | Sep - Oct | dull yellow | limited (not native to America) |
| Goldenrod | Solidago spp. | Sep - Oct | golden |
Source: Bienenweide Arbeitsblatt 207, Bieneninstitut Kirchhain, 2001
Véase también[]
- Nectar source
- Forage (honeybee)
- List of honey plants
Enlaces externos[]
- Some Ohio Nectar and Pollen Producing Plants Ohio State University Extension Fact Sheet, 2000, Dr. James Tew
- Honey Plants Flowering Plants/Trees Dana Stahlman, 2004
- The pollen loads of the honeybee, Dorothy Hodges, Bee Research Association Limited, London, 1952
- Bienennährpflanzen 1 : Gehölze Nov 1999, Thomas Lamp; accessed 05/2005